Paralysed man walks again after breakthrough treatment

(AFP) / 21 October 2014

Darek Fidyka was paralysed from the chest down, but can now walk using a frame after nerve cells from his nose were transplanted into his severed spinal column in Poland. 

In an undated handout picture released by the BBC, Bulgarian man Darek Fidyka walks with the aid of leg-braces and a walking frame at the Akron Neuro-Rehabilitation Center in Wroclaw, Poland. -AFP

A paralysed man can walk again after receiving revolutionary treatment which one of the British scientists responsible hailed as a breakthrough “more impressive than a man walking on the Moon” — although others urged caution.
Darek Fidyka was paralysed from the chest down, but can now walk using a frame after nerve cells from his nose were transplanted into his severed spinal column in Poland, according to research published on Tuesday in the journal Cell Transplantation.

“When there’s nothing, you can’t feel almost half of your body. You’re helpless, lost,” the patient, who is now recovering at the Akron Neuro-Rehabilitation Centre in Wroclaw, told the BBC’s Panorama programme, who filmed his remarkable recovery.
“When it (the feeling) begins to come back, you feel you’ve started your life all over again, as if you are reborn,” said the 40-year-old Polish man living in Poland, whose injuries were caused by a knife attack in 2010.
“It’s an incredible feeling, difficult to describe,” he added.
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which form part of the sense of smell, were used in the treatment as they are pathway cells that enable nearby nerve fibres to be regenerated.
Pawel Tabakow, consultant neurosurgeon at Wroclaw University, led a team of surgeons in removing one of the patient’s olfactory bulbs before transplanting cultured cells into the spinal cord in the treatment’s two crucial operations.
Contacted by AFP, he said the patient was “exhausted” by the documentary filming schedule, which lasted a year.
The head of neurosurgery at the Polish clinic, Wlodzimierz Jamundowicz, said in a statement it was too early to tell whether the treatment could be successful on other patients.
“This is only the beginning of a long and difficult journey,” he said.
The scientists involved think that the cells, implanted above and below the injury, enabled damaged fibres to reconnect, although other researchers have reacted more sceptically.
“What we’ve done is establish a principle — nerve fibres can grow back and restore function, provided we give them a bridge,” said Geoff Raisman, chair of neural regeneration at University College London’s Institute of Neurology, who led the British research team working on the joint project.
“To me, this is more impressive than a man walking on the Moon. I believe this is the moment when paralysis can be reversed.”
But other scientists were far more cautious, saying it was important to await the results of clinical testing with more cases.
“We have to be very prudent,” said Alain Privat from France’s health and medical research institute Inserm.
Simone Di Giovanni, head of restorative neuroscience at Imperial College London, added that there was “no evidence that the transplant is responsible for the reported neurological improvement”.
Dusko Ilic, senior lecturer in stem cell science at King’s College London, said: “Although the achievement is indeed revolutionary, this approach worked only in one patient so far.”
For two years after his injury, Fidyka showed no sign of recovery despite intensive five-hour physiotherapy sessions.
The first signs of improvement came three months after the surgery, when his left thigh began putting on muscle.
Three months later, Fidyka was able to take his first steps with the aid of parallel bars and leg braces. He can now walk outside using a frame and has also recovered some feeling in his bladder and bowel.
“I think it’s realistic that one day I will become independent,” he said.
“What I have learned is that you must never give up but keep fighting, because some door will open in life.”
The research was funded by the UK Stem Cell Foundation and the Nicholls Spinal Injury Foundation (NSIF), set up by chef David Nicholls after his son Daniel was paralysed in a 2003 swimming accident.
“When Dan had his accident I made him a promise that, one day, he would walk again,” Nicholls told the BBC.
“The results with Darek show we are making significant progress towards that goal.”

They hope to raise enough money to hold clinical trials on 10 patients in Britain and Poland.